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  <div class="section" id="type-objects">
<span id="typeobjects"></span><h1>类型对象<a class="headerlink" href="#type-objects" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h1>
<span class="target" id="index-0"></span><dl class="type">
<dt id="c.PyTypeObject">
<code class="sig-name descname">PyTypeObject</code><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyTypeObject" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>对象的 C 结构用于描述 built-in 类型。</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="var">
<dt id="c.PyType_Type">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyType_Type</code><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyType_Type" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>这是属于 type 对象的 type object，它在 Python 层面和 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#type" title="type"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">type</span></code></a> 是相同的对象。</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="c.PyType_Check">
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyType_Check</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *o</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyType_Check" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>如果对象 <em>o</em> 是一个类型对象，包括继承于标准类型对象的类型实例，返回真。在其它所有情况下返回假。</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="c.PyType_CheckExact">
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyType_CheckExact</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *o</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyType_CheckExact" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>如果对象 <em>o</em> 是一个类型对象，但不是标准类型对象的子类型时，返回真。在其它所有情况下返回假。</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="c.PyType_ClearCache">
unsigned int <code class="sig-name descname">PyType_ClearCache</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyType_ClearCache" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Clear the internal lookup cache. Return the current version tag.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="c.PyType_GetFlags">
unsigned long <code class="sig-name descname">PyType_GetFlags</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject">PyTypeObject</a>*<em> type</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyType_GetFlags" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the <a class="reference internal" href="typeobj.html#c.PyTypeObject.tp_flags" title="PyTypeObject.tp_flags"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tp_flags</span></code></a> member of <em>type</em>. This function is primarily
meant for use with <cite>Py_LIMITED_API</cite>; the individual flag bits are
guaranteed to be stable across Python releases, but access to
<a class="reference internal" href="typeobj.html#c.PyTypeObject.tp_flags" title="PyTypeObject.tp_flags"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tp_flags</span></code></a> itself is not part of the limited API.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.2 新版功能.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.4 版更改: </span>The return type is now <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unsigned</span> <span class="pre">long</span></code> rather than <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">long</span></code>.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="c.PyType_Modified">
void <code class="sig-name descname">PyType_Modified</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject">PyTypeObject</a><em> *type</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyType_Modified" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Invalidate the internal lookup cache for the type and all of its
subtypes.  This function must be called after any manual
modification of the attributes or base classes of the type.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="c.PyType_HasFeature">
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyType_HasFeature</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject">PyTypeObject</a><em> *o</em>, int<em> feature</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyType_HasFeature" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return true if the type object <em>o</em> sets the feature <em>feature</em>.  Type features
are denoted by single bit flags.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="c.PyType_IS_GC">
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyType_IS_GC</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject">PyTypeObject</a><em> *o</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyType_IS_GC" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return true if the type object includes support for the cycle detector; this
tests the type flag <a class="reference internal" href="typeobj.html#Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC" title="Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC</span></code></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="c.PyType_IsSubtype">
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyType_IsSubtype</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject">PyTypeObject</a><em> *a</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject">PyTypeObject</a><em> *b</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyType_IsSubtype" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return true if <em>a</em> is a subtype of <em>b</em>.</p>
<p>This function only checks for actual subtypes, which means that
<a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#class.__subclasscheck__" title="class.__subclasscheck__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__subclasscheck__()</span></code></a> is not called on <em>b</em>.  Call
<a class="reference internal" href="object.html#c.PyObject_IsSubclass" title="PyObject_IsSubclass"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject_IsSubclass()</span></code></a> to do the same check that <a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#issubclass" title="issubclass"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">issubclass()</span></code></a>
would do.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="c.PyType_GenericAlloc">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyType_GenericAlloc</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject">PyTypeObject</a><em> *type</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> nitems</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyType_GenericAlloc" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Generic handler for the <a class="reference internal" href="typeobj.html#c.PyTypeObject.tp_alloc" title="PyTypeObject.tp_alloc"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tp_alloc</span></code></a> slot of a type object.  Use
Python's default memory allocation mechanism to allocate a new instance and
initialize all its contents to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="c.PyType_GenericNew">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyType_GenericNew</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject">PyTypeObject</a><em> *type</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *args</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *kwds</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyType_GenericNew" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Generic handler for the <a class="reference internal" href="typeobj.html#c.PyTypeObject.tp_new" title="PyTypeObject.tp_new"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tp_new</span></code></a> slot of a type object.  Create a
new instance using the type's <a class="reference internal" href="typeobj.html#c.PyTypeObject.tp_alloc" title="PyTypeObject.tp_alloc"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tp_alloc</span></code></a> slot.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="c.PyType_Ready">
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyType_Ready</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject">PyTypeObject</a><em> *type</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyType_Ready" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Finalize a type object.  This should be called on all type objects to finish
their initialization.  This function is responsible for adding inherited slots
from a type's base class.  Return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> on success, or return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> and sets an
exception on error.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="c.PyType_FromSpec">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyType_FromSpec</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>PyType_Spec<em> *spec</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyType_FromSpec" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Creates and returns a heap type object from the <em>spec</em> passed to the function.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="c.PyType_FromSpecWithBases">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyType_FromSpecWithBases</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>PyType_Spec<em> *spec</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *bases</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyType_FromSpecWithBases" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Creates and returns a heap type object from the <em>spec</em>. In addition to that,
the created heap type contains all types contained by the <em>bases</em> tuple as base
types. This allows the caller to reference other heap types as base types.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.3 新版功能.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="c.PyType_GetSlot">
void* <code class="sig-name descname">PyType_GetSlot</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject">PyTypeObject</a><em> *type</em>, int<em> slot</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyType_GetSlot" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the function pointer stored in the given slot. If the
result is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>, this indicates that either the slot is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>,
or that the function was called with invalid parameters.
Callers will typically cast the result pointer into the appropriate
function type.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.4 新版功能.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

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